1. Don't learn stuff, especially boring stuff like 'algorithms' by just trying to learn it. It is extremely inefficient. Apply it. Aka, rather than watching those loud sounding "sort algorithm" videos, just make sorting algorithms yourself and see how they all work. They are generally pretty simple at their core, just tackle the problem of sorting differently.
2. Python is weird to learn with. It is very basic to get into, sets up some very basic QOL syntax rules, but python isn't actually very common or as widespread as most other languages in the job market until you go full circle into extremely advanced areas such as machine learning / AI where python is very widespread.
3. If you want to learn so you can get a job in any reasonable amount of time without a masters degree, you probably should switch to learning something like C#, C++, java, etc. They setup a nice understanding object oriented programming and the syntax if you learn it properly extends to most other programming languages, which is important in the workplace for code readability. You could also get into scripting languages if you want to be weird, but just know that you will 99% of the time end up working on web stuff, front or backend.
Now in terms of your actual question, things you should learn, is setting up a basic foundation for building up to all that crazy stuff. Go to something like project euler, which is a website that challenges you to solve strange (generally math based) problems with programming, and solve stuff there, starting from basic extremely easy stuff to insanely hard concepts. They have hundreds of problems and if you just start at 1, it may seem easy, but you may find your code has weird problems you wouldn't expect since you may be not 100% comfortable with certain loops and conditions. This leads to you building a solid foundation and comfort level that you can build on.
Finally, last thing I promise, programming isn't just the code itself, but also the software used for programming, the workflow so to speak. If you can, try to get comfortable with common IDEs (programs used for programming essentially) such as Visual Studio (for the C family of languages), Eclipse/IntelliJ/Netbeans (for java), and Spyder/PyCharm for (python) it will make programming far more efficient. IDE's generally have a ton of QOL features that are industry standard, and if you go to the workplace you'll need to use those IDE's (mainly VisualStudio especially) to commit code to source control (aka update your program across ****** or your workplace).
Rant over, sorry about that.