[Tutorial]Comi's[AutoIT]
[Tutorial]Comi's[AutoIT]
hey guys this is a tutorial made by Comi from edge.of.nowhere that is a really helpful guide to program in autoit.
Make sure you read the helpfile aswell it is really informative.
__________________________________________________ _______
Introduction
Which in simple's man talk means, that with autoit you can basically do everything that you can do with mouse & keyboard , and much more...
AutoIt has been designed to work on Windows 95, 98, ME, NT 4, 2000, XP and 2003.
________________________________________
Getting autoit v3
In order to use this guide properly you will need autoit.
Find it here AutoIt v3 - Automate and Script Windows Tasks - For Free!
Make sure to install it, if you have trouble installing it, coding simply is not for you.
________________________________________
Basics
AutoIt scripts are simple text files that you can edit with notepad or any other simple test editor. Autoit will read those scripts and do what you write step by step.
If you have previous programming knowledge you will find that scriptiong in autoit is extremely easy, therefore also very fun to do.
________________________________________
Autoit Window Info
Awesome utility that gives you all the info you might need about a specific window. It will reveal info only about the window you have currently selected. It will also be "always on top", meaning that it will always be on top of other windows.
If will give the folowing info:
Window titles
Text on the window (visible and hidden)
Window size and position
Contents of the status bar
Position of the mouse pointer
Colour of the pixels underneath the mouse pointer
Name of the Control underneath the mouse pointer
With the help of AU3Info you should be automating in no time!
CTRL + ALT + F , remember that as since it is very usefull.
________________________________________
General au3 language reference
Basic reference for the autoit language.
________________________________________
Types of data
In autoit , to make it simple you have 2 types of data , numeric and string (text) data.
String data
String data is basically text info thats sotred on a variable(explained next). String data always starts and ends with "" or '', even if single or double quotes are inserted in the text it the first and final quotes are the important ones.
For example
variable="hello" , variable will contain hello in it.
variable="comi "not really" rocks" , variable will contain comi "not really" rocks in it.
If you have 2 numeric strings stored and try to do arimetic operations with the autoit will automatically convert them to numeric.
Variables can contain strings of up to 2 billion characters.
Numeric data
Basically numbers, you will use them mostly for internal operations or as counter for multiple things ... ect...
numeric & string reference
Some examples:
10 * 20 equals the number 200 (* is used to multiply two numbers)
10 * "20" equals the number 200
"10" * "20" equals the number 200
10 & 20 equals the string "1020" (& is used to join strings)[/
& is very important, as it can be used to join string and numberic variables with/or direct data.
Whenever using & the return value will be string.
________________________________________
Variables
Each variable has a name (again, similar to a mailbox) and must start with the $ character and may only contain letters, numbers and the underscore _ character.
Here are some example names:
$var1
$my_variable
Note that a variable will only hold numeric OR string value, i cant contain both.
Declaring Variables
Variables can be declared in several ways, but ill go with the easy one , or else why would you be reading this tutorial ? For extended info refer to the autoit help.
You can and will declare variables by simply assigning them a value, either string or numeric.
You will use = to assign a value to a variable. You will add a value either directly on the script, via user imput, via .ini or file read or else thru a aritmetic operation. Many many functions in autoit will give RETURN VALUES , you will use variables to obtain them.
Examples, all work:
$cookienum=15
$blizzhackers="ownage"
$sex = "good"
$mix= 16 * 3
$result = (2 * 2)+5
$hesaid=InputBox("Question", "what do you want to say?", "", )
(more on these later on)
$emoticon=" }
" & " <--- he is a crazy guy"
Macros
The pre-defined macros are generally used to provide easy access to system information like the location of the Windows directory, or the name of the logged on user.
Check the help file for a complete list.
________________________________________
Operators
AutoIt has mathematical, logical and comparison operators.
mathematical operators will do a matematic precedure, adding for example.
2-2=1
3*3=9
Logical operators will do a logic precedure on separate values.
... 1 NOT 2 ...
if "A" AND "c" are uppercase ....
Comparison operators will compare 2 or more values with eachother.
If $var= 5 Then (true if $var equals 5)
________________________________________
From highest precedence to lowest:
NOT
^
* /
+ -
&
< > <= >= = <> ==
AND OR
e.g. 2 + 4 * 10 is evaluated as 42:
4 * 10 (equals 40)
2 + 40 (equals 42)
As the * has a higher precedence than + it occurs before the addition.
You can use brackets to force a part of the expression to be evaluated first.
e.g. (2 + 4) * 10 equals 60.
________________________________________
Operators list
+ Adds two numbers. e.g. 10 + 20 (equals 30)
- Subtracts two numbers. e.g. 20 - 10 (equals 10)
* Multiplies two numbers. e.g. 20 * 10 (equals 200)
/ Divides two numbers. e.g. 20 / 10 (equals 2)
& Concatenates/joins two strings. e.g. "one" & 10 (equals "one10")
^ Raises a number to the power. e.g. 2 ^ 4 (equals 16)
NOT Logical NOT operation. e.g. NOT 1 (equals 0)
= Tests if two values are equal (case insensitive if used with strings). e.g. If $var= 5 Then (true if $var equals 5)
== Tests if two values are equal (case sensitive if used with strings)
<> Test if two values are not equal.
> Tests if the first value is greater than the second.
>= Tests if the first value is greater than or equal to the second.
< Tests if the first value is less than the second.
<= Tests if the first value is less than or equal to the second.
AND Logical AND operation. e.g. If $var = 5 AND $var2 > 6 Then (true if $var equals 5 and $var2 is greater than 6)
OR Logical OR operation. e.g. If $var = 5 OR $var2 > 6 Then (true if $var equals 5 or $var2 is greater than 6)
________________________________________
Conditional Statements
Conditional statements are available in AutoIt
If...Then...Else
Select...Case
Both statements are similar and decide which code to execute depending on the condition given. Here is an example of an If statement that pops up a message box if a variable is greater than 10.
________________________________________
If...Then...Else...EndIf
Conditionally run statements.
[PHP]
If <expression> Then
statements
...
[ElseIf expression-n Then
[elseif statements ... ]]
...
[Else
[else statements]
...
EndIf
[/PHP]
If the expression is true, the first statement block is executed. If not, the first true ElseIf block is executed. Otherwise, the "Else" block is executed.
Here is an example of an If statement that pops up a message box if a variable is greater than 10.
[PHP]
$var = 20
If $var > 10 Then
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 10!")
Else
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was less than 10")
EndIf
[/PHP]
In the example above the expression $var > 10 evaluated to true because the variable was indeed greater than 10. This caused the If statement to execute the first MsgBox line and display "$var was greater than 10!".
________________________________________
Select...Case...EndSelect
Conditionally run statements.
[PHP]
Select
Case <expression>
statement1
...
[Case
statement2
...]
[Case Else
statementN
...]
EndSelect
[/PHP]
If the expression is true the following statements up to the next Case or EndSelect statement are executed. If more than one of the Case statements are true, only the first one is executed.
A Select statement is very similar to the IF statement, but is generally used for situations where you want to test a large number of conditions as it is generally easier to read than than large If/ElseIf type block. e.g.
[PHP]
$var = 30
Select
Case $var > 1 AND $var <= 10
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 1")
Case $var > 10 AND $var <= 20
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 10")
Case $var > 20 AND $var <= 30
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 20")
Case $var > 30 AND $var <= 40
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 30")
Case $var > 40
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 40")
EndSelect
[/PHP]
of course Case $var > 20 AND $var <= 30 will be the selected case and the mesage box will return "$var was greater than 20"
________________________________________
Loop Statements
The following loop statements are available in AutoIt:
For...Next
While...WEnd
Do...Until
While (no pun intended) all the statements perform similar functions, they are slightly different and one will usually be more appropriate than another for a given situation.
________________________________________
For...Next
Loop based on an expression.
I dont use this one much really...
[PHP]
For $<variable> = <start> To <stop> [Step <stepval>]
statements
...
Next
[/PHP]
Parameters
variable The variable used for the count.
start The initial numeric value of the variable.
stop The final numeric value of the variable.
stepval [optional] The numeric value (possibly fractional) that the count is increased by each loop. Default is 1.
Important
A For loop will execute zero times if:
start > stop and step > 0, or
start < stop and step is negative
Example
[PHP]
For $i = 5 to 1 Step -1
MsgBox(0, "Count down!", $i)
Next
MsgBox(0,"", "Blast Off!")
[/PHP]
This will result in 5 message boxes counting from 5 to 1 one after eachother and after the one a message box will come saying Blast Off!
________________________________________
While...WEnd
Loop based on an expression.
Extremely used loop.
[PHP]
While <expression>
statements
...
WEnd
[/PHP]
If the expression is true the following statements up to the WEnd statement are executed. This loop continues until the expression is false.
Important
While...WEnd statements may be nested.
The expression is tested before the loop is executed so the loop will be executed zero or more times.
To create an infinite loop, you can use a non-zero number as the expression.
Example
[PHP]
$i = 0
While $i <= 10
MsgBox(0, "Value of $i is:", $i)
$i = $i + 1
WEnd
[/PHP]
This example loop will start showing a msgbox with "0" and contine goin on adding 1 untill it reaches 10.
________________________________________
Do...Until
Loop based on an expression.
[PHP]
Do
statements
...
Until <expression>
[/PHP]
The statements in between Do and Until are executed until the expression is true.
Important
Do...Until statements may be nested.
The expression is tested after the loop is executed, so the loop will be executed one or more times.
Example
[PHP]
$i = 0
Do
MsgBox(0, "Value of $i is:", $i)
$i = $i + 1
Until $i = 10
[/PHP]
Same result as while, this example loop will start showing a msgbox with "0" and contine goin on adding 1 untill it reaches 10.
________________________________________
Functions
A function is a section of code that can be called from the script to perform a certain "function". There are two sorts of functions in AutoIt, inbuilt functions and user functions.
You will use a function mostly for code re-use & better script organization.
Inbuilt Functions
There are really usefull, but they are not as flexible as self-made functions. For an Inbuild function list refer to the autoit help file.
User Functions
User functions are declared using the Func...EndFunc statements.
[PHP]
Func functioname ( [ByRef] $param1, ..., [ByRef] $paramN)
...
[Return [value]]
EndFunc
[/PHP]
The parameters are set by you. You later call the function like any other built-in function.
The ByRef keyword is optional and means: (1) the parameter must a variable, and (2) the variable could be changed by the function. By default, a parameter is passed by value which means that a copy of the parameter's value is manipulated by the function.
Use the Return keyword to exit the function. Unlike built-in functions, user-defined functions return 0 unless another return value is specified.
Arrays can be passed to functions (and returned from them) by simply using the array name without any brackets. Note that function declarations cannot appear inside other function declarations.
Functions can accept parameters and return values as required.
Function names must start with either a letter or an underscore, and the remainder of the name can contain any combination of letters and numbers and underscores. Some valid function names are:
MyFunc
Func1
_My_Func1
For better organization of the script I usually define the functions at the top of the script.
Examples
Here is an example of using a function to double a number 5 times:
(note that only from Func to EndFunc is the real function)
[PHP]
$val = 10
For $i = 1 To 10
$doubled = MyDouble($val)
MsgBox(0, "", $val & " doubled is " & $doubled)
$val = $doubled
Next
Exit
Func MyDouble($value)
$value = $value * 2
Return $value
EndFunc
[/PHP]
Sample script with three user-defined functions.
Notice the use of variables, ByRef, and Return.
[PHP]
$foo = 2
$bar = 5
msgBox(0,"Today is " & today(), "$foo equals " & $foo)
swap($foo, $bar)
msgBox(0,"After swapping $foo and $bar", "$foo now contains " & $foo)
msgBox(0,"Finally", "The larger of 3 and 4 is " & max(3,4))
Exit
Func swap(ByRef $a, ByRef $b) ;swap the contents of two variables
Local $t
$t = $a
$a = $b
$b = $t
EndFunc
Func today() ;Return the current date in mm/dd/yyyy form
return (@MON & "/" & @MDAY & "/" & @YEAR)
EndFunc
Func max($x, $y) ;Return the larger of two numbers
If $x > $y Then
return $x
Else
return $y
EndIf
EndFunc
[/PHP]
One of my Functions, extremely usefull for logging stuff.
[PHP]
Func datetime()
$min=string(@MIN)
$hour=@HOUR
$day=string(@MDAY)
$mon=string(@MON)
$year=string(@YEAR)
If $hour=00 then
$hour="24"
Else
$hour=string(@HOUR)
Endif
$time = $hour & ":" & $min
$date= $day & "/" & $mon & "/" & $year
$dt=$time & " -- " & $date
Return ($dt)
EndFunc
[/PHP]
add this to a script to test it
[PHP]
$likeomg=datetime()
Msgbox(0, "The current date and time", $likeomg)
[/PHP]
________________________________________
This is just some of the tutorial if you want to read on go to google and search comi's autoit tutorial.
Credits:
Comi for making this tutorial
Me for editing everything to fit in mpgh eg. the quotes and code.
Make sure you read the helpfile aswell it is really informative.
__________________________________________________ _______
Introduction
AutoIt v3 is a BASIC-like scripting language designed for automating the Windows GUI. It uses a combination of simulated keystrokes, mouse movement and window/control manipulation in order to automate tasks in a way not possible or reliable with other languages (e.g. VBScript and SendKeys).
AutoIt was initially designed for PC "roll out" situations to configure thousands of PCs, but with the arrival of v3 it is also well suited to performing home automation and the scripting of repetitive tasks.
AutoIt was initially designed for PC "roll out" situations to configure thousands of PCs, but with the arrival of v3 it is also well suited to performing home automation and the scripting of repetitive tasks.
Which in simple's man talk means, that with autoit you can basically do everything that you can do with mouse & keyboard , and much more...
AutoIt has been designed to work on Windows 95, 98, ME, NT 4, 2000, XP and 2003.
________________________________________
Getting autoit v3
In order to use this guide properly you will need autoit.
Find it here AutoIt v3 - Automate and Script Windows Tasks - For Free!
Make sure to install it, if you have trouble installing it, coding simply is not for you.
________________________________________
Basics
AutoIt scripts are simple text files that you can edit with notepad or any other simple test editor. Autoit will read those scripts and do what you write step by step.
If you have previous programming knowledge you will find that scriptiong in autoit is extremely easy, therefore also very fun to do.
One of the best new features with AutoIt v3 is the ability to work directly with certain types of Window Controls. Almost everything you see on a window is a control of some kind: buttons, listboxes, edit fields, static text are all controls. In fact Notepad is just one big "Edit" control! Because AutoIt works directly with a control they provide a more reliable way to automate than to just sending keystrokes.
________________________________________
Autoit Window Info
Awesome utility that gives you all the info you might need about a specific window. It will reveal info only about the window you have currently selected. It will also be "always on top", meaning that it will always be on top of other windows.
AutoIt Window Spy allows you to get information from a specified window that can be used to effectively automate it.
If will give the folowing info:
Window titles
Text on the window (visible and hidden)
Window size and position
Contents of the status bar
Position of the mouse pointer
Colour of the pixels underneath the mouse pointer
Name of the Control underneath the mouse pointer
With the help of AU3Info you should be automating in no time!
When AU3Spy is running you may want to copy text directly from it using CTRL-C and then paste it into your script to avoid spelling/case errors. This can be difficult when you want to capture pixel/mouse information as it keeps changing! To help with this you can "freeze" the output of AU3Spy by pressing CTRL-ALT-F. Press the keys again to "unfreeze".
CTRL + ALT + F , remember that as since it is very usefull.
________________________________________
General au3 language reference
Basic reference for the autoit language.
________________________________________
Types of data
In autoit , to make it simple you have 2 types of data , numeric and string (text) data.
String data
String data is basically text info thats sotred on a variable(explained next). String data always starts and ends with "" or '', even if single or double quotes are inserted in the text it the first and final quotes are the important ones.
For example
variable="hello" , variable will contain hello in it.
variable="comi "not really" rocks" , variable will contain comi "not really" rocks in it.
If you have 2 numeric strings stored and try to do arimetic operations with the autoit will automatically convert them to numeric.
Variables can contain strings of up to 2 billion characters.
Numeric data
Basically numbers, you will use them mostly for internal operations or as counter for multiple things ... ect...
Numbers can be standard decimal numbers like 2, 4.566, and -7.
Scientific notation is also supported; therefore, you could write 1.5e3 instead of 1500.
Scientific notation is also supported; therefore, you could write 1.5e3 instead of 1500.
numeric & string reference
A variant can contain numeric or string data and decides how to use the data depending on the situation it is being used in. For example, if you try and multiply two variants they will be treated as numbers, if you try and concatenate (join) two variants they will be treated as strings.
10 * 20 equals the number 200 (* is used to multiply two numbers)
10 * "20" equals the number 200
"10" * "20" equals the number 200
10 & 20 equals the string "1020" (& is used to join strings)[/
& is very important, as it can be used to join string and numberic variables with/or direct data.
Whenever using & the return value will be string.
________________________________________
Variables
A variable is just a place to store data in memory so that it can be accessed quickly. Think of it as a mailbox in memory that you can put information in or take information out of. For example you might create a variable to store the number a user's response to a question, or the result to a math equation.
Here are some example names:
$var1
$my_variable
Note that a variable will only hold numeric OR string value, i cant contain both.
Declaring Variables
Variables can be declared in several ways, but ill go with the easy one , or else why would you be reading this tutorial ? For extended info refer to the autoit help.
You can and will declare variables by simply assigning them a value, either string or numeric.
You will use = to assign a value to a variable. You will add a value either directly on the script, via user imput, via .ini or file read or else thru a aritmetic operation. Many many functions in autoit will give RETURN VALUES , you will use variables to obtain them.
Examples, all work:
$cookienum=15
$blizzhackers="ownage"
$sex = "good"
$mix= 16 * 3
$result = (2 * 2)+5
$hesaid=InputBox("Question", "what do you want to say?", "", )
(more on these later on)
$emoticon=" }
" & " <--- he is a crazy guy" Macros
AutoIt has an number of Macros that are special read-only variables used by AutoIt. Macros start with the @ character instead of the usual $ so are easy to tell apart. As with normal variables you can use macros in expressions but you cannot assign a value to them.
Check the help file for a complete list.
________________________________________
Operators
AutoIt has mathematical, logical and comparison operators.
mathematical operators will do a matematic precedure, adding for example.
2-2=1
3*3=9
Logical operators will do a logic precedure on separate values.
... 1 NOT 2 ...
if "A" AND "c" are uppercase ....
Comparison operators will compare 2 or more values with eachother.
If $var= 5 Then (true if $var equals 5)
________________________________________
When more than one operator is used in an expression the order in which things happen is controlled by operator precedence. The precedence used in AutoIt is given below. Where two operators have the same precedence the expression is evaluated left to right.
From highest precedence to lowest:
NOT
^
* /
+ -
&
< > <= >= = <> ==
AND OR
e.g. 2 + 4 * 10 is evaluated as 42:
4 * 10 (equals 40)
2 + 40 (equals 42)
As the * has a higher precedence than + it occurs before the addition.
You can use brackets to force a part of the expression to be evaluated first.
e.g. (2 + 4) * 10 equals 60.
________________________________________
Operators list
+ Adds two numbers. e.g. 10 + 20 (equals 30)
- Subtracts two numbers. e.g. 20 - 10 (equals 10)
* Multiplies two numbers. e.g. 20 * 10 (equals 200)
/ Divides two numbers. e.g. 20 / 10 (equals 2)
& Concatenates/joins two strings. e.g. "one" & 10 (equals "one10")
^ Raises a number to the power. e.g. 2 ^ 4 (equals 16)
NOT Logical NOT operation. e.g. NOT 1 (equals 0)
= Tests if two values are equal (case insensitive if used with strings). e.g. If $var= 5 Then (true if $var equals 5)
== Tests if two values are equal (case sensitive if used with strings)
<> Test if two values are not equal.
> Tests if the first value is greater than the second.
>= Tests if the first value is greater than or equal to the second.
< Tests if the first value is less than the second.
<= Tests if the first value is less than or equal to the second.
AND Logical AND operation. e.g. If $var = 5 AND $var2 > 6 Then (true if $var equals 5 and $var2 is greater than 6)
OR Logical OR operation. e.g. If $var = 5 OR $var2 > 6 Then (true if $var equals 5 or $var2 is greater than 6)
________________________________________
Conditional Statements
You will often want to change the flow of your script based on a condition or series of conditions. Is one number bigger than another? Or, does a string contain a certain value?
Conditional statements are available in AutoIt
If...Then...Else
Select...Case
Both statements are similar and decide which code to execute depending on the condition given. Here is an example of an If statement that pops up a message box if a variable is greater than 10.
________________________________________
If...Then...Else...EndIf
Conditionally run statements.
[PHP]
If <expression> Then
statements
...
[ElseIf expression-n Then
[elseif statements ... ]]
...
[Else
[else statements]
...
EndIf
[/PHP]
If the expression is true, the first statement block is executed. If not, the first true ElseIf block is executed. Otherwise, the "Else" block is executed.
Here is an example of an If statement that pops up a message box if a variable is greater than 10.
[PHP]
$var = 20
If $var > 10 Then
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 10!")
Else
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was less than 10")
EndIf
[/PHP]
In the example above the expression $var > 10 evaluated to true because the variable was indeed greater than 10. This caused the If statement to execute the first MsgBox line and display "$var was greater than 10!".
________________________________________
Select...Case...EndSelect
Conditionally run statements.
[PHP]
Select
Case <expression>
statement1
...
[Case
statement2
...]
[Case Else
statementN
...]
EndSelect
[/PHP]
If the expression is true the following statements up to the next Case or EndSelect statement are executed. If more than one of the Case statements are true, only the first one is executed.
A Select statement is very similar to the IF statement, but is generally used for situations where you want to test a large number of conditions as it is generally easier to read than than large If/ElseIf type block. e.g.
[PHP]
$var = 30
Select
Case $var > 1 AND $var <= 10
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 1")
Case $var > 10 AND $var <= 20
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 10")
Case $var > 20 AND $var <= 30
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 20")
Case $var > 30 AND $var <= 40
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 30")
Case $var > 40
MsgBox(0, "Example", "$var was greater than 40")
EndSelect
[/PHP]
of course Case $var > 20 AND $var <= 30 will be the selected case and the mesage box will return "$var was greater than 20"
________________________________________
Loop Statements
A loop is how you refer to a section of script that you repeat a number of times. You might might want to loop a given number of times or you might wish to repeat a section of script as long as a certain condition is true or false.
The following loop statements are available in AutoIt:
For...Next
While...WEnd
Do...Until
While (no pun intended) all the statements perform similar functions, they are slightly different and one will usually be more appropriate than another for a given situation.
________________________________________
For...Next
Loop based on an expression.
I dont use this one much really...
[PHP]
For $<variable> = <start> To <stop> [Step <stepval>]
statements
...
Next
[/PHP]
Parameters
variable The variable used for the count.
start The initial numeric value of the variable.
stop The final numeric value of the variable.
stepval [optional] The numeric value (possibly fractional) that the count is increased by each loop. Default is 1.
Important
For...Next statements may be nested. The For loop terminates when the value of variable exceeds the stop threshold. If stepVal or stop is a variable, its value is only read the first time the loop executes.
start > stop and step > 0, or
start < stop and step is negative
Example
[PHP]
For $i = 5 to 1 Step -1
MsgBox(0, "Count down!", $i)
Next
MsgBox(0,"", "Blast Off!")
[/PHP]
This will result in 5 message boxes counting from 5 to 1 one after eachother and after the one a message box will come saying Blast Off!
________________________________________
While...WEnd
Loop based on an expression.
Extremely used loop.
[PHP]
While <expression>
statements
...
WEnd
[/PHP]
If the expression is true the following statements up to the WEnd statement are executed. This loop continues until the expression is false.
Important
While...WEnd statements may be nested.
The expression is tested before the loop is executed so the loop will be executed zero or more times.
To create an infinite loop, you can use a non-zero number as the expression.
Example
[PHP]
$i = 0
While $i <= 10
MsgBox(0, "Value of $i is:", $i)
$i = $i + 1
WEnd
[/PHP]
This example loop will start showing a msgbox with "0" and contine goin on adding 1 untill it reaches 10.
________________________________________
Do...Until
Loop based on an expression.
[PHP]
Do
statements
...
Until <expression>
[/PHP]
The statements in between Do and Until are executed until the expression is true.
Important
Do...Until statements may be nested.
The expression is tested after the loop is executed, so the loop will be executed one or more times.
Example
[PHP]
$i = 0
Do
MsgBox(0, "Value of $i is:", $i)
$i = $i + 1
Until $i = 10
[/PHP]
Same result as while, this example loop will start showing a msgbox with "0" and contine goin on adding 1 untill it reaches 10.
________________________________________
Functions
A function is a section of code that can be called from the script to perform a certain "function". There are two sorts of functions in AutoIt, inbuilt functions and user functions.
You will use a function mostly for code re-use & better script organization.
Inbuilt Functions
There are really usefull, but they are not as flexible as self-made functions. For an Inbuild function list refer to the autoit help file.
User Functions
User functions are declared using the Func...EndFunc statements.
Func...Return...EndFunc
Defines a user-defined function that takes zero or more arguments and optionally returns a result.
Defines a user-defined function that takes zero or more arguments and optionally returns a result.
Func functioname ( [ByRef] $param1, ..., [ByRef] $paramN)
...
[Return [value]]
EndFunc
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The parameters are set by you. You later call the function like any other built-in function.
The ByRef keyword is optional and means: (1) the parameter must a variable, and (2) the variable could be changed by the function. By default, a parameter is passed by value which means that a copy of the parameter's value is manipulated by the function.
Use the Return keyword to exit the function. Unlike built-in functions, user-defined functions return 0 unless another return value is specified.
Arrays can be passed to functions (and returned from them) by simply using the array name without any brackets. Note that function declarations cannot appear inside other function declarations.
Functions can accept parameters and return values as required.
Function names must start with either a letter or an underscore, and the remainder of the name can contain any combination of letters and numbers and underscores. Some valid function names are:
MyFunc
Func1
_My_Func1
For better organization of the script I usually define the functions at the top of the script.
Examples
Here is an example of using a function to double a number 5 times:
(note that only from Func to EndFunc is the real function)
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$val = 10
For $i = 1 To 10
$doubled = MyDouble($val)
MsgBox(0, "", $val & " doubled is " & $doubled)
$val = $doubled
Next
Exit
Func MyDouble($value)
$value = $value * 2
Return $value
EndFunc
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Sample script with three user-defined functions.
Notice the use of variables, ByRef, and Return.
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$foo = 2
$bar = 5
msgBox(0,"Today is " & today(), "$foo equals " & $foo)
swap($foo, $bar)
msgBox(0,"After swapping $foo and $bar", "$foo now contains " & $foo)
msgBox(0,"Finally", "The larger of 3 and 4 is " & max(3,4))
Exit
Func swap(ByRef $a, ByRef $b) ;swap the contents of two variables
Local $t
$t = $a
$a = $b
$b = $t
EndFunc
Func today() ;Return the current date in mm/dd/yyyy form
return (@MON & "/" & @MDAY & "/" & @YEAR)
EndFunc
Func max($x, $y) ;Return the larger of two numbers
If $x > $y Then
return $x
Else
return $y
EndIf
EndFunc
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One of my Functions, extremely usefull for logging stuff.
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Func datetime()
$min=string(@MIN)
$hour=@HOUR
$day=string(@MDAY)
$mon=string(@MON)
$year=string(@YEAR)
If $hour=00 then
$hour="24"
Else
$hour=string(@HOUR)
Endif
$time = $hour & ":" & $min
$date= $day & "/" & $mon & "/" & $year
$dt=$time & " -- " & $date
Return ($dt)
EndFunc
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add this to a script to test it
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$likeomg=datetime()
Msgbox(0, "The current date and time", $likeomg)
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This is just some of the tutorial if you want to read on go to google and search comi's autoit tutorial.
Credits:
Comi for making this tutorial
Me for editing everything to fit in mpgh eg. the quotes and code.